THE EFFECT OF MILITANCY ON EDUCATION AND ITS SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCIES

(A Case Study of Tehsil Safi and Halimzai of Mohmand Agency)

Authors

  • Sher Nawab Institute of Development Studies, University of Agriculture, Peshawar, 25130, Khyber Pakhtunkhwam, Pakistan
  • Sami Ullah M&E Officer, KP Food Safety and Halal Food Authority, Peshawar, 25130, Khyber Pakhtunkhwam, Pakistan
  • Usman Farooq Ph.D. Scholar, Institute of Development Studies, University of Agriculture, Peshawar, 25130, Khyber Pakhtunkhwam, Pakistan
  • Muhammad Shafi Malik Assistant Professor, Institute of Development Studies, University of Agriculture, Peshawar, 25130, Khyber Pakhtunkhwam, Pakistan
  • Irshad Ghafoor Institute of Development Studies, University of Agriculture, Peshawar, 25130, Khyber Pakhtunkhwam, Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15503/jecs2021.2.613.630

Keywords:

Terrorism, School Drop Out, Education, Militancy, FATA

Abstract

Background: The study was conducted in 2017 to know about the effects of militancy on education in the form of dropout from schools, destroyed infrastructure of educational institutions, decrease in literacy rate and to probe out the community perception about education in the context of adverse law and order situation in district Mohmand Agency. The study was significant because Mohmand Agency is the worst terrorist affected area.

Objectives: The objectives of the study were examining the factors causing militancy, and to determine the effects of militancy on education in Mohmand Agency.

Methodology: For this purpose, 250 sample respondents out of the total population from four selected villages viz Gurbaz, Masood, Sultan Khel and Baro Khel from tehsil Safi and Halimzai were selected. The respondents were randomly interviewed through an interview schedule. Chi-square test was used as statistical instrument to determine the association between education and different factors that cause terrorism.

Results: It was found that majority of the respondents were agreed that unemployment, poverty, drone attacks, unidentified Pak-Afghan border were the main factors that caused militancy in the area and had greatly affected the primary and secondary education in the area. Respondents were of the view that brutal activities against Muslims across the globe and presence of NATO forces in the region increased terrorism. Involvement of foreign intelligence agencies in our county and weak national security network to handle terrorist activities properly were the main causes of terrorism. Parents remain worried about their children’s education due to security threats and insufficient schools remaining in the area.

Conclusion: It was concluded that due to insecurity, lack of infrastructure and insufficient schools; education in the area under study was greatly affected. The study suggested that bringing of peace and reasonable security measures against militants can rebuild the educational environment in the study area.

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Author Biographies

Sher Nawab, Institute of Development Studies, University of Agriculture, Peshawar, 25130, Khyber Pakhtunkhwam, Pakistan

Sher Nawab, PhD

Research interests: Scholar Rural Development, Institute of Development Studies, University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan.

Sami Ullah, M&E Officer, KP Food Safety and Halal Food Authority, Peshawar, 25130, Khyber Pakhtunkhwam, Pakistan

Dr. Sami Ullah, Monitoring &Evaluation Officer, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Food Safety and Halal Food Authority, Peshawar, Pakistan

Research interests: Rural Economy, Human Capital Development, Poverty, Unemployment, Education Economy, Labour Economy, Developmental Economics, Technical and Vocational Training, Project Evaluation

Usman Farooq, Ph.D. Scholar, Institute of Development Studies, University of Agriculture, Peshawar, 25130, Khyber Pakhtunkhwam, Pakistan

Irshad Ghafoor, PhD Scholar Rural Development, Institute of Development Studies, University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan

Research interests: Rural Development, Mico-Credit, Loan, Agriculture Development

Muhammad Shafi Malik, Assistant Professor, Institute of Development Studies, University of Agriculture, Peshawar, 25130, Khyber Pakhtunkhwam, Pakistan

Dr. Malik Muhammad Shafi, Assistant Professor, Institute of Development Studies, University of Agriculture, Peshawar

Research interests: Rural Economy, Rural Development, Microeconomic analysis, Human Development, Agriculture Research, Poverty Reduction

Irshad Ghafoor, Institute of Development Studies, University of Agriculture, Peshawar, 25130, Khyber Pakhtunkhwam, Pakistan

Usman Farooq, PhD Scholar Rural Development, Institute of Development Studies, University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan

Research interests: Rural Development, Formal Education for Rural Development, Agriculture Development, Human Capital Formation

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Published

2021-09-25

How to Cite

Nawab, S. ., Ullah, S. ., Farooq, U., Malik, M. S., & Ghafoor, I. (2021). THE EFFECT OF MILITANCY ON EDUCATION AND ITS SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCIES : (A Case Study of Tehsil Safi and Halimzai of Mohmand Agency). Journal of Education Culture and Society, 12(2), 613–630. https://doi.org/10.15503/jecs2021.2.613.630

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Section

LOCAL CULTURES AND SOCIETIES